|
Isocyanic acid (ICA)
|
No
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Severe (rabbit)
|
Severe (rabbit)
|
|
Methyl isocyanate (MIC)
|
Possible
|
Yes (Goswami et al. 1990)
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes (Gupta & Prabha 1996)
|
Liver
|
Chronic obstructive lung disease
|
Yes (ACIGH 1986)
|
Yes (human)
|
Severe (human)
|
Severe (human)
|
|
Ethyl isocyanate (EIC)
|
N/A
|
Yesa
|
Yesa
|
Yesa
|
Cholinesterase Inhibitor
|
Livera
|
Chronic obstructive lung disease e
|
Yesa
|
Yesa
|
Severea
|
Severea
|
|
Phenyl isocyanate (PHI)
|
Possible IARC rating: 2Bb
|
Yes (Bureau 2000)
|
No (Nehez et al. 1989)
|
No (Nehez et al. 1989)
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Irreversible decline in pulmonary function (NIOSH 2004)
|
Yes (Karol & Kramarik 1996)
|
Yes (Pauluhn et al. 1995)
|
Severe (O’Neil 2006; Berufsgenossenschaft der chemischen Industrie 1997)
|
Yes (Berufsgenossenschaft der chemischen Industrie 1997)
|
|
Hexamethylene di-isocyanate (HDI)
|
Possible IARC rating: 2Bb
|
Yesb (Marczynski et al. 2005; Bilban 2004; Bolognesi et al. 2001)
|
No (Sids OECD 2001)
|
N/A
|
Cholinesterase Inhibitor
|
Lungs (Montelius & Sant 2009)
|
Lesions in the nasal cavity (Sids OECD 2001)
|
Yes (Centers for Disease Cotrol and Prevention 2015b)
|
Yes (Centers for Disease Cotrol and Prevention 2015b)
|
Severe (Vernot et al. 1977)
|
Severe (Vernot et al. 1977)
|
|
Toluene-2,4-di-isocyanate (2,4-TDI)
|
Possible IARC rating: 2B
|
Contradictory (Mäki-Paakkanen & Norppa 1987; Lindberg et al. 2011)
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Cholinesterase Inhibitor
|
Lungs (Lindberg et al. 2011)
|
Irreversible decline in pulmonary function (The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) 2004)
|
Yes (Centers for Disease Cotrol and Prevention 2015c)
|
Yes (Centers for Disease Cotrol and Prevention 2015c)
|
Yes (Centers for Disease Cotrol and Prevention 2015c)
|
Yes (Centers for Disease Cotrol and Prevention 2015c)
|
|
Toluene-2,6-di-isocyanate (2,6-TDI)
|
Possible IARC rating: 2B
|
Yes (Mäki-Paakkanen & Norppa 1987)
|
Noc, (Le Quesne et al. 1976)
|
N/A
|
Yes
|
Lungs (Fabbri et al. 1987)
|
Irreversible decline in pulmonary function (NIOSH 2004)
|
Yes (Centers for Disease Cotrol and Prevention 2015c)
|
Yes (Centers for Disease Cotrol and Prevention 2015c)
|
Yes (Centers for Disease Cotrol and Prevention 2015c)
|
Yes (Centers for Disease Cotrol and Prevention 2015c)
|
|
Methylenebis (phenylisocyanate) (MDI)
|
Possible IARC rating: 2Bb
|
Contradictory (Bolognesi et al. 2001)
|
No (Zocca et al. 1990)
|
Yes (Buschmann 1990)
|
Insufficient evidence (Hughes et al. 2014)
|
Lungs (Hughes et al. 2014)
|
Irreversible decline in pulmonary function (Centers for Disease Cotrol and Prevention 2015e)
|
Yes (Zocca et al. 1990)
|
Yes (Zocca et al. 1990)
|
Yes (Zocca et al. 1990)
|
Yes (Zocca et al. 1990)
|
|
Isophorone di-isocyanate (IPDI)
|
N/A
|
No (European Aliphatic Isocyanate Producer Association 2013)
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Lungs (NIOSH 2004)
|
Irreversible decline in pulmonary function (Centers for Disease Cotrol and Prevention 2015d)
|
Yes (Centers for Disease Cotrol and Prevention 2015d)
|
Yes (Centers for Disease Cotrol and Prevention 2015d)
|
Yes (Centers for Disease Cotrol and Prevention 2015d)
|
Yes (Centers for Disease Cotrol and Prevention 2015d)
|
